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PermCurlMachine

By Sonja Mack | Published July 28, 2010 | Full size is 500 × 320 pixels

In 1928, Marjorie Joyner, national supervisor of Madame C.J. Walker Beauty Colleges, invented the permanent waving machine modifying the process in which black women straightened tightly-curled hair by using a stove-heated curling iron. The device connected 16 rods to a single electric cord of a standard drying hood and after women wore the hood for a designated period of time their hair would be straightened or curled. Joyner, one of the first black women to receive a patent, produced a device popular in both black and white salons. (Image: the permanent waving machine)

In 1928, Marjorie Joyner, national supervisor of Madame C.J. Walker Beauty Colleges, invented the permanent…

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