Many people feel dissatisfied with their careers. Here's how women can become more content in their work path.
Originally Published Dec. 2, 2020.
Multiple reports in recent years have shown women start their own businesses for various reasons. Some include job frustration, discontent with corporate America, and simply to fulfill a dream or passion.
Roddy said, “It’s most alerting that although most Americans feel professionally successful, women are almost twice as likely (17% to 8%) as men to feel dissatisfied with their careers.”
Roddy pointed out that even with many Americans being professionally successful, a gap exists, and more women are being left behind. However, Roddy offered suggestions on what women can do to become more satisfied with their careers and operate more comfortably as their own bosses.
He says mentorship is one of the best ways for women, in particular, to be successful and fulfilled.
“Finding someone like you who has blazed the trail in corporate success or entrepreneurship can reap dividends for your career while mentoring newer employees can help increase fulfillment as you help others move forward.”
Here are some professional success tips suggested by The Manifest:
Practice professional networking
Professionals who develop fulfilling careers engage in networking. Professional networking helps employees make worthwhile connections and improve “soft skills,” such as conversational skills, necessary to work with a team.
Engage in mentorship
Mentoring boosts the professional success of both mentors and mentees. It is a two-way street that benefits mentors and mentees. Being a mentor provides exposure to new ideas, an opportunity to think critically about how to succeed at work, and the job satisfaction that comes with helping somebody else.
Negotiate a higher salary
Experts say asking for new responsibilities demonstrates that an employee has professional direction, wants to expand their skill set, and is open to contributing more to the company.
Rolf Box is chief HR officer at Resume.io, a résumé builder and career help service. He says that asking for new work responsibilities:
Increases the chances of receiving a raise
Makes a worker more marketable should he or she look for another job
Prevents “plateauing,” or a sense of professional stagnation
Provides exciting new challenges and skills
Hire a career coach
The best athletes on earth rely on coaches to develop their skills and help them succeed. Some employees are no different. They meet with a career coach to determine their professional path and identify the skills necessary to be successful.
An expanded version of these tips were first published on The Manifest.
Liz’s Book Bar Is Now Open For Book Lovers And Wine Connoisseurs
Novelist Maura Cheeks recently opened Liz's Book Bar, with the Black-owned entity offering good reads and good sips.
Novelist Maura Cheeks has officially opened Liz’s Book Bar in Brooklyn, New York. The bookstore offers good reads and good sips from coffee to beer and wine.
The Black-owned establishment, located in the Carroll Gardens neighborhood, offers a communal space for book lovers and wine enthusiasts to connect. For Cheeks, the business pays homage to her upbringing, with her grandmother Elizabeth Parker inspiring the name.
“We were always going to bookstores when I was younger,” she told Brooklyn Magazine. “She was always handing me a very thick book to read, and is part of the reason that I’m a writer as well. So it just felt like a great way to honor her legacy.”
An avid reader and writer herself, Cheeks just released her debut novel, Acts of Forgiveness. The story touches on the fictional Forgiveness Act in Philadelphia, offering reparations to Black families. Guests to Cheeks’ bookstore may see her new venture as her way of reclaiming reparations.
“I’ve always wanted to create a public space where people can connect with strangers and neighbors and just hang out,” the entrepreneur explained. “A place that’s not home, that’s not work, where you feel comfortable just spending time, is really important.”
Cheeks’ journey to opening up the business took years. After quitting her marketing job in 2019, she began working at the Manhattan-based Book Club Bar to gain insight for her own version.
What makes Liz’s shop unique, however, is its focus on building community and remaining true to the owner’s history. Cheeks is not about stocking new releases, but wants patrons to rediscover their love of books; perhaps while enjoying a glass of wine.
“We’re not emphasizing new releases,” said the novelist. “I would love for people to discover old books that they perhaps haven’t read before.”
As for its popularity, customers find that supporting a well-intentioned, Black-owned book store benefits everyone.
“I came across a post on Instagram and I was like, Black-owned, woman-owned bookstore? Done and done,” shared Brooklyn resident Alysha Hall. “You know, we’re losing small businesses left and right. It’s so nice to be able to support an establishment in this time that supports reading and learning, and is owned by someone that maybe the chips are kind of stacked against. So yeah, it was a no-brainer — we were coming, and we’re probably gonna be here a lot.”
Report: New Concerns Arise As Funding Gap For Diverse Women And Minorities, Including Black Founders, Broadens
All-female teams with minority members were the only demographic to average under $500K in fundraising.
Regarding raising capital, Black women small business owners continue to be among entrepreneurs shunned in their quest to do so.
Racially diverse, all-female startup founding teams with minorities spent the longest time fundraising in 2023 at an average of 25 weeks, a 67% increase from 2022.
Simultaneously, the group collected an average of $460,000 in 2023, the lowest amount of funding of all demographics. The bottom line: female and minority founders allotted the most time to fundraising to raise the smallest amount of capital. And even as all demographics raised less in 2023. data showed that underrepresented founders endured the most misfortune.
In contrast, racially diverse, mixed-gender teams raised an average of $810K for 18 weeks, while mixed-gender teams without minority members raised an average of $800K for 20 weeks.
The fresh statistics are from this report. The analysis examined growing disparities and disadvantages that female-led and people-of-color start-ups endure in obtaining much-needed financing.
The data revealed that female teams raised 43% less than all-male teams in 2023. All-female teams with minority members were the only demographic to average less than $500K. They gathered the most per meeting, raising an average of $21,900.
The findings are intense and potentially consequential on several fronts. The report indicated the Black Lives Matter movement and activism in 2020 to fund women and Black-led firms encouraged venture capital (VC) firms to make progress in closing the funding gap. Yet, partly due to VC financing tightening, progress regressed as underrepresented founders faced more fundraising obstacles.
Observers expressed concern if the latest funding downturn for female and minority founders will keep falling for those businesses as anti-DEI pressures continue to grow. They have come from conservative activists against private and public organizations as they have in recent months.
Simultaneously, venture funding for Black-founded startups 2023 fell below $1 billion to $705 million, the first time since 2016, according to a report from tech research firm Crunchbase.
Furthermore, the meltdown comes roughly four years after the murder of George Floyd and promises by corporate America to invest billions of dollars into the Black community. That included vows to help Black small businesses gain financing to grow. However, many of the pledges have not yet been delivered upon. And that reportedly has occurred as DEI critics have since legally attacked such investments.
Justin Izzo, senior data and trends analyst at Dropbox DocSend, offered this perspective in comments in a news release. “In 2021, underrepresented founders experienced a relative increase in funding and positive momentum in bridging the funding gap.”
He added, “But with less money overall, this trend was short-lived. The pendulum swung even further back as VCs cautiously invested in decks that easily resonated. Investors are missing opportunities for outsized returns from underrepresented founders and less familiar ideas.”
Dropbox DocSend reported that if a team had minority team members, the business model slide was among the most scrutinized by investors. However, diverse teams received 29% less time on their business model sections than all-white teams.
Victoria Yampolsky, president and founder of The Startup Station, commented on the analysis in a news release. The Startup Station describes itself as a CFO advisory and finance education platform for startups and small businesses.
“Fundraising is rarely a quick process, especially for underrepresented founders,” she stated. “Despite increasing challenges, all-female teams continue to show unparalleled determination and resourcefulness. It’s more than just fundraising, though: utilize your existing network while you build a new one, apply to an accelerator, enter a pitch contest and attend startup conferences.”
She added, “Above all, believe in yourself, your ability to raise money and your mission. Having an unwavering will to persevere and open-mindedness to try all available resources can make the difference between success and failure.”
Weight Loss Medications Linked To Lower Cancer Risk, According To Study
According to a study, among 13 cancers commonly associated with obesity, GLP-1 drugs resulted in a decreased risk of developing cancer in 10 of them.
A recent study suggests that GLP-1 drugs, which include widely prescribed weight-loss medications like Ozempic and Wegovy, may offer substantial benefits in lowering cancer risks among diabetic patients. The research highlights a significant decrease in the incidence of various cancers such as gallbladder cancer, meningioma, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (a type of liver cancer) associated with the use of these drugs. Additionally, the study indicates a reduced risk for ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, multiple myeloma, esophageal cancer, endometrial cancer, and kidney cancer.
According to the study published in JAMA Network Open, among 13 cancers commonly associated with obesity, GLP-1 drugs resulted in a decreased risk of developing cancer in 10 of them. Only post-menopausal breast cancer, stomach cancer, and thyroid cancer were not applied decreased risk from the use of GLP-1 class drugs.
According to CNN, researchers from the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and the MetroHealth system analyzed the medical records of more than 1.7 million people with type-2 diabetes. As it relates to the thyroid, the study authors note that those who are on the medicines should take note of warnings about thyroid complications, because other studies note their negative interaction regarding insulin production and the thyroid.
Although more information is needed about how the reduced risk of cancer is related to the scale of weight loss provided by the drugs, the study nonetheless says that the findings give “preliminary evidence of the potential benefit of GLP-1RAs for cancer prevention in high-risk populations and support further preclinical and clinical studies.”
Lindsey Wang, a student at the Center for Science, Health and Society and one of the authors of the study, told Healthline that some of the findings went against some of their initial hypotheses. “Most notably, we saw a decrease [of] significant risk across most gastrointestinal cancers. So, that goes all the way from your esophagus down to your colon. This is pretty interesting because these cancers usually have a poor prognosis after you are diagnosed with it,” Wang said. “Something that did surprise us a little was that we found no association between using these GLP-1 RA’s [receptor agonists] and your breast cancer risk, which was contrary to our initial expectation.”
Jennie Stanford, an obesity medicine physician who works for Intellihealth, told the outlet that the drugs are just beginning to be understood. “I think we’re at the tip of the iceberg when it comes to understanding the benefits of the GLP-1 receptor agonists,” Stanford said. “As we learn more and more about what they’re able to do, I think we’ll be able to see possibilities for using them in dementia, in obesity-associated cancers and other medical problems that are linked back to the same underlying mechanism.”
Transplant Games Honor Those Who Donated Organs To Help Others Survive
The event presents those who have been given a second chance at life through organ donation an opportunity to meet those who facilitated their survival and honors those who saved lives as a result of their deaths
The Transplant Games of America kicked off and will run from July 5 to 10 in Birmingham, Alabama. The event presents those who have been given a second chance at life through organ donation with an opportunity to meet those who facilitated their survival and honors those who saved lives as a result of their deaths.
The games are unique in another way: every participant in the 20 events is an organ or living tissue transplant recipient.
According to a press release issued by the Health Equity in Transplantation Coalition (HEiTC), chaired by R&B legend and organ transplant recipient Al. B. Sure, the event is produced with the Transplant Life Foundation. HEiTC was founded by Sure, Rev Al Sharpton, and Rachel Noerdlinger to advocate for policy changes and spread awareness of the disparities for Black and Brown Americans in the organ transplant community.
Sure recalled his fight in the press release, “Two years ago, I overcame the greatest challenge of my life thanks to the gift of a donor and their loved ones. My liver transplant and the dedicated team of medical professionals, led by Dr. Constance Mobley and Houston Methodist, as well as the support of my community, saved my life. I know that many can relate to my experience and share in my call for equitable healthcare practices that remove undue barriers.”
“Which is why the Transplant Games being hosted in Birmingham is so profoundly symbolic. It honors a city that was crucial to the Civil Rights Movement and underscores our ongoing fight for health equity,” Sure added.
Sure continued, “That is the reason why I started HEiTC with Rev. Al Sharpton and Rachel Noerdlinger, to advocate not only for policy changes but simple awareness about the disparities that exist for Black and Brown transplant recipients. Our collective work aims to dismantle those inequities and outcomes for underserved and rural communities, who are disproportionately more likely to need a transplant in their lifetime and yet, all too often, are the ones to face barriers to access to resources. This year’s games are more than a sporting event – they underscore the critical need for systemic changes that ensure everyone has access to the life-saving resources they need without undue hardship.”
As BLACK ENTERPRISE previously reported, Black transplant recipients previously received a boon by being moved up on the transplant candidate list after a test that still adhered to anti-Black standards was adjusted to today’s scientific understanding that kidneys of all races function the same way when healthy.
This long overdue change underscored the difficulties faced by Black organ transplant recipients, through no fault of their own but due to the vestiges of the racist pseudoscience of the past.
Sharpton, a senior advisor for HEiTC, indicated in the press release that it is fitting that this year’s event took place in Birmingham, the epicenter of the Civil Rights Movement for Black people in the 1950s and 1960s. “Birmingham was at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement, so it is only fitting to have this event there as we continue this fight to close the access gap for Black and Brown transplant patients,” Sharpton explained. “The Transplant Games will no doubt be a special celebration of the gift hundreds of thousands have received while also raising awareness for those still on the waitlist.”
Bill Ryan, the CEO of Transplant Life Foundation, echoed Sharpton and Sure, saying in his statement, “We are deeply honored to produce this year’s Transplant Games in Birmingham—a city renowned for its pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement. It’s a fitting backdrop to celebrate donors’ selfless acts, their families’ resilience, and the renewed lives of transplant recipients. I stand committed to the historically underserved Black and Brown communities in solidarity with the Health Equity in Transplantation Coalition.
“Disproportionately affected by kidney and heart organ failure, these communities often rely on organ transplantation as their sole lifeline. Through the Games, we aim to amplify the urgent need for organ donations and to shed light on the disparities in transplantation. Together, we can make a difference.”
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA - JULY 05: (L-R) Bridget Kelly, Blake Newby and Kirstin Stinson Newby speak onstage during 2024 ESSENCE Festival Of Culture™ Presented By Coca-Cola® at Ernest N. Morial Convention Center on July 05, 2024 in New Orleans, Louisiana. (Photo by Marcus Ingram/Getty Images for ESSENCE)
Black Women Celebrated At Essence Fest With Continued Support From Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola has been the presenting sponsor of Essence Festival since 1995.
Coca-Cola continues to uplift Black women as the presenting sponsor of the Essence Festival of Culture (EFOC). The iconic beverage brand commemorated the occasion with a specialty bottle and nonprofit donations.
Since 1995, Coca-Cola has helped power Essence Fest. Complete with immersive panels, engagements, and performances, the festival connects Black women and men nationwide to celebrate the culture. For EFOC’s 30th year, Coca-Cola also released a special edition bottle to highlight the remarkable anniversary.
According to the beverage giant, because of its long-standing relationship with Essence, Coca-Cola remains committed to amplifying the voices of Black women. Charece Williams Gee, a vice president at the company, shared in a press statement, “The Coca-Cola Company looks forward to ESSENCE Festival of Culture each year as a celebratory moment to uplift and empower The Black Woman, the CEO of Her community,” shared Williams Gee. Our sponsorship of ESSENCE Festival of Culture allows us to support and celebrate Her profound impact and cultural contributions while fostering a sense of community through thought-provoking conversations, memorable experiences, make-you-dance entertainment, and ongoing empowerment.”
Coca-Cola hosted dialogues and movement sessions within its main booth throughout the four-day event. At its eponymous stage, the brand and Essence introduced the cast of their joint online series, “If Not For My Girls,” to audience members. The cast spoke on the show’s themes of friendship and solidarity among Black women ahead of its sixth season.
Moreover, the company gave back to the New Orleans community by donating up to $30,000 to Vincent’s Vault Food Pantry. The nonprofit combats food insecurity, particularly for HBCU students at the Xavier University of Louisiana.
The charity was highlighted at the Coca-Cola Kickback Kitchen, where cooking demonstrations were on full display for guests. Also, in true fashion, Coca-Cola provided the refreshments with Smartwater and Simply hydration stations.
According to Coca-Cola, it aims to promote diversity, creativity, and Black excellence through its ongoing support of Essence Fest.
Lewis Hamilton of Mercedes prepares to drive on the grid during the F1 Grand Prix of Brazil at Autodromo Jose Carlos Pace on November 13, 2022 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. (Photo: Dan Istitene-Formula 1/Formula 1 via Getty Images)
Race Car Driver Lewis Hamilton Gets Emotional After Ending 945-Day Winless Streak
'When I came across that line, something released in me that I guess I've been holding on to for a long time. It was the most emotional end to a win that I've ever experienced.'
It’s been almost three years since Lewis Hamilton won a race, 945 days to be exact. He has broken that streak and was moved to tears when he won the Formula One British Grand Prix.
According to ESPN, Hamilton explained why it was an emotional win for him as his last victory occurred at the 2021 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix.
“When I came across that line, something released in me that I guess I’ve been holding on to for a long time. It was the most emotional end to a win that I’ve ever experienced. I’ve always wondered why I never cry, and I always thought I guess it doesn’t happen to me, but it hit me hard this time.”
He stated that he had thoughts of quitting and pondered if he was good enough to continue.
“I think after such a difficult year in 2021, we just tried to continue to come back, but also, we as a team have had a really difficult time, and there were just so many thoughts and so many doubts in my mind along the way, to the point of, at times wanting to not continue. So to arrive and to continue to get up and to continue to try and to finally succeed is honestly the greatest feeling I can remember having.”
“That’s the longest stint that I’ve not had a win, 945 days, and a lot of emotion has accumulated over that time,” Hamilton said. “So this one feels like it could be one of the most special ones for me … if not the most special one.”
At least Hamilton was able to win again before leaving Mercedes to join Ferrari. Earlier this year, he announced that he is leaving Mercedes after the 2024 season, after being with them for over a decade. The Associated Press reported that last year, Hamilton finalized a two-year contract extension with Mercedes. The company stated that the race car driver activated a clause in his contract that allowed him the opportunity to sign with Ferrari.
Man Accused Of Cyberstalking Ex, Allegedly Paid Strangers For Photos
Dominique Ward says her ex Micah Berkley has been cyberstalking her and her daughters by paying strangers for photos and videos.
In a disturbing case of cyberstalking and electronic harassment, Dominique Ward, a Chicago mother of three, alleges that Micah Berkley, the father of her twin daughters, is exploiting social media to gather information about their children.
This unsettling situation, which began after the two broke up in 2020, has escalated to the point where Berkley reportedly offers monetary incentives for photos and videos of the twins. According to the Los Angeles Daily News, Ward was shocked to discover a Facebook post by Berkley containing recent pictures of their twin daughters from a Target shopping trip in 2022. In the post, Berkley wrote, “I got to see you the other day…What you don’t know is that there is a community of love surrounding you, sending Daddy pictures and videos…” This incident of cyberstalking left Ward feeling violated and unsafe.
The extent of Berkley’s electronic harassment is alarming. He has allegedly offered varying amounts for different types of information, ranging from “$25 per photo” and “$50 for videos” to “$10,000 for anyone who can bring the girls to him for ‘a peaceful, arranged meeting.'” Berkley admits to these actions, claiming it’s “technological warfare” intended to frighten Ward.
Despite Ward’s efforts to seek help, she has encountered significant obstacles. Law enforcement and social media platforms have been largely unresponsive to her pleas, highlighting the challenges in addressing cyberstalking and electronic harassment. An analysis of Illinois police data reveals a concerning trend: arrests for electronic harassment are rare, even as complaints increase. Ward’s attorney, Lindsay Nathan, has also struggled to find recourse. Their attempts to engage Chicago police, Cook County prosecutors, and Facebook have been met with explanations of why action cannot be taken. This lack of response reflects a broader issue in dealing with modern forms of intimidation like cyberstalking.
Experts point out that while state laws have evolved to address electronic harassment, law enforcement and judicial systems often lag behind. Ward’s experiences with the Chicago Police Department illustrate this gap. Officers have suggested difficulties in proving Berkley’s direct involvement and prosecutorial reluctance.
Black Politicians Stand Behind President Joe Biden After He Vows To Stay In The Race–And ‘Beat Donald Trump’
Together we stand, divided we fall.....
Several Black politicians are declaring that they stand with President Joe Biden after he promised he is “firmly committed to staying in this race.”
Biden released a two-page letter to congressional Democrats vowing to remain in the race amid continuous public calls for him to step down. “I can respond to all this by saying clearly and unequivocally: I wouldn’t be running again if I did not absolutely believe I was the best person to beat Donald Trump in 2024,” Biden wrote.
Biden explained the process through which American voters elected him. “We had a Democratic nomination process and the voters have spoken clearly and decisively. I received over 14 million votes, 87% of the votes cast across the entire nominating process,” he said.
“I have nearly 3,900 delegates, making me the presumptive nominee of our party by a wide margin. This was a process open to anyone who wanted to run. Only three people chose to challenge me.”
This morning, I sent a letter to my fellow Democrats on Capitol Hill. In it, I shared my thoughts about this moment in our campaign.
It’s time to come together, move forward as a unified party, and defeat Donald Trump. pic.twitter.com/ABtAaJrr0n
According to South Florida Caribbean News, Rep. Frederica Wilson (D-Fl.) released a statement on her stance on her colleagues going against the president, saying, “Any ‘leader’ calling for Biden to drop out needs to get their priorities straight and stop undermining this incredible actual leader who has delivered real results for our country,” she wrote.
“And when you contrast that with a dangerous figure like Donald Trump pushing a radical agenda to be [a] dictator on day one and destroy our democracy, we must do everything in our power to defeat him; Joe Biden and Kamala Harris is the ticket to do just that.”
“Trump knows what Project 2025 is and has said he will be a dictator on ‘day one.’ Trump did help incite an insurrection on January 6th, MAGA Republicans brag about overturning Roe v. Wade and want to ban abortion nationwide and Trump continues to lie EVERYDAY!” the 81-year-old wrote.
Taking a different approach, Vice President Kamala Harris decided to barely mention her boss’ name or to dive in on comments regarding his debate performance. Instead, during the 2024 Essence Festival in New Orleans, Harris highlighted the importance of the election. “This is probably the most significant election of our lifetime,” Harris said.
“In 122 days, we each have the power to decide what kind of country we want to live in.”
Reps. Steven Horsford (D-Nev.), current chair of the Congressional Black Caucus, and former Chair Joyce Beatty (D-Oh.) issued support of the president despite the extreme pushback from other lawmakers. “The voters in Nevada care about a thriving and equitable economy, taking on big corporations to lower costs and protecting the hard-fought freedoms, rights and opportunities we’ve earned,” the statement from Horsford read.
“They know President Biden and Vice President Harris are fighting for them,” Horsford continued. “Like me, they don’t want to see Donald Trump back in the White House and are ready to work and VOTE to ensure that doesn’t happen. We’re not going back, we’re moving forward.”
The CIA recently gave George Hocker a prominent place in its museum.
In 1957, George Hocker became one of the first Black officers in the CIA after a friend encouraged him to apply to the organization while they were both undergraduates at Howard University. At that time, Hocker was selected to join the CIA on part-time duty, but Hocker soon found himself passed over for promotions and sponsorships that went to his caucasian colleagues.
In his recent return to the CIA headquarters, the organization gave him a prominent place in its museum, marking another first in Hocker’s venerated career.
This is despite Hocker’s recollection of the CIA that some within the organization held the racist belief that Black officers couldn’t be spies.
“There was this scuttlebutt going around the Agency that Blacks could not be spies because they would stand out anywhere in the world… The lightbulb went off for me and a couple of my friends—if anybody were to stand out in the world, it’s going to be white guys because 90-plus percent of the world are people of color, some kind of color. I had decided that I was going to break this mold of people saying Blacks couldn’t be spies—we can do this, and the world needs us,” Hocker said in an interview for the CIA’s blog.
This would be a theme throughout Hocker’s tenure at the CIA, where he would become the first Black officer accepted into the agency’s paramilitary course, the first Black officer to open a new CIA station, and the first Black branch chief within the Directorate of Operations (D.O.)
In January, Hocker penned an op-ed for Newsweek, detailing how his attendance at the March on Washington in 1963 strengthened his resolve.
“I joined the CIA in 1957 as a file clerk to make money to help pay for my education at Howard University. Higher-ups told me that I’d never become a spy because Black people were not intelligent enough and could not ‘blend in’ anywhere. I believed it. At the March on Washington in 1963, that changed,” he recalled.
“Standing only 100 yards from Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as he described his now famous ‘dream,’ I had a revelation. It felt like a wave of self-discovery coursed through my body. I realized that I did not have to give in to racists. I determined I would become a spy.”
Hocker continued, placing his tenure at the CIA with other notable Black spies. “It was never lost on me that, while I was fighting for my country’s interests in some of the world’s most dangerous regions, my fellow Black Americans were facing war zones of their own at home. The battle for civil rights and freedoms was often bloody. The same government that counted on me was doing awful things that directly impacted my friends and family. I myself had been brutalized by police as a teenager. I knew the pain of being Black in America.”
Hocker concluded, “Many Black patriots have faced that contradiction. James Lafayette, an enslaved man, spied for America in the Revolutionary War. Harriet Tubman, a conductor on the Underground Railroad, spied for the Union during the Civil War. Spying for the United States doesn’t mean agreeing with everything it does; it means being part of the effort to protect the nation and make it better.”
