California Teacher, Racist, Ableist Image, Black Child
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Racist Bus Stop Signs In Denver Spark Outrage, City Leaders Condemn Hate At Rally

One sign read, 'Blacks must sit at the back of the bus. Kamala’s migrants sit in the front.'


On Aug. 30, Denver residents as well as the Attorney General of Colorado, Phil Weiser, gathered around a bus stop pole that had just hosted racist signs targeting Vice President Kamala Harris and migrants a day before for a rally against intolerance. 

According to The Denver Post, Denver City Councilwoman Shontel Lewis posted a photo of the signs that had been screwed into the pole on the bus stop. The signs carried messages of racial hatred, one read, “Blacks must sit at the back of the bus. Kamala’s migrants sit in the front.”

Another warned of “Kamala’s illegals” and contained images of people running, presumably a representation of immigrants crossing the border illegally.

 

Attorney General Weiser spoke out at the rally, calling for Denver residents and Coloradans to remember that there is no place for hatred in a civil society.

“Out of many, we are one,” Weiser said. “We are one Denver, we are one Colorado, we are one America…There is no place for hate in Colorado.”

Denver resident MiDian Shofner told the Post that the signs were reprehensible. “The signs that were posted were absolutely atrocious,” The 43-year-old Shofner said. “It was full of racism, it was full of dehumanization, and I wanted to stand in a space where we could collectively and strongly say that we don’t accept this.”

Shofner continued, expressing that the vitriol the signs communicated was being normalized in her Denver community. “I say that it’s normalized because I wasn’t shocked,” Shofner said. “I wasn’t shocked that this happened, but I was disgusted…These bus stops are used by our children to get to school. There are children that saw those signs yesterday.”

Shofner also said that she wanted more from the elected officials than they gave at the rally, saying that there should be more the community can do than attend a rally. 

“I’m not saying that this was not a beautiful showing of community, this was absolutely beautiful and amazing,” Shofner said. “Having the community come together and stand is right, and we have to be able to have something to do beyond that.”

Denver City Councilwomen Serena Gonzales-Gutierrez and Lewis worked with the Denver police and transportation officials to have the signs removed and organized the rally to give the community a voice and a space to push back on the racist ideology the signs promoted. 

Lewis told the Post that the signs presented a challenge to Denver and the country at large. “History, unfortunately, continues to repeat itself,” Lewis said. “We need to take a serious pause as a nation and ask if this is who we are, if this is who we want to be, or if we are going to come together to do the necessary work to eradicate this kind of hatred.”

Colorado State Rep. Leslie Herod encouraged the crowd not to let the hateful acts of a few divide them, echoing Vice President Harris’s ‘We Will Not Go Back’ campaign tagline. “We will not go back,” Herod said. “We will not let them divide us. This is who we are — we stand together every single day, including today and moving forward.”

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Ben Crump , atv shooting
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Civil Rights Attorney Ben Crump To Represent Former MetroHealth CEO In Discrimination Lawsuit

Steed claims she was fired by the board of MetroHealth while she took a medical leave of absence.


Renowned civil rights attorney Benjamin Crump has joined the legal defense team representing former MetroHealth CEO Dr. Airica Steed in her discrimination lawsuit against her former company. Steed filed the lawsuit shortly after being fired by the healthcare company in August.

According to WKYC, the Sherman Boseman Legal Group and its leader, F. Allen Boseman, Jr., had already agreed to represent Steed, and Crump represents an additional resource at Steed’s disposal. 

Steed was fired by the board of MetroHealth while she took a medical leave of absence; they said their decision was based on fundamental disagreements over Steed’s priorities and the standards they required of a CEO. 

According to Steed’s representation, including Crump, she found out she was fired via the media after Steed “commenced a comprehensive investigation into deeply troubling ethical issues raised by several employees and after she submitted an internal complaint for gender and race discrimination.”

Steed’s representation continued, “Dr. Steed exemplifies the very best in leadership, having not only met but exceeded the rigorous expectations set for her in a year filled with challenges. Her dismissal raises serious concerns about the standards to which Black women leaders are held in comparison to their counterparts and highlights a pattern of behavior at MetroHealth that deserves intense scrutiny that will be examined closely by our combined legal teams.”

According to Signal Cleveland, the removal of Steed is the second time in as many years that MetroHealth has had a CEO resign or be removed from their post. Steed was hired in 2022 and was supposed to succeed Dr. Akram Boutros, upon his retirement, but her timeline was accelerated after Boutros was fired in November 2022 for allegedly giving himself $2 million in improper bonuses. 

According to a statement released by MetroHealth Board of Trustees E. Henry Walker M.D., “It has become clear that the Board and Dr. Steed fundamentally disagree about the priorities and performance standards needed from our CEO for MetroHealth to fulfill its mission. We believe Dr. Steed’s performance is not meeting the needs of MetroHealth. As a result, we have lost confidence in her ability to lead the organization going forward and believe it would not be in the best interest of the System for her to continue in her position. Therefore, we are exercising our right to terminate her at-will contract.”

Crump and his team disputed MetroHealth’s characterization of Steed’s firing in their own statement, provided as part of a press release

“Steed’s dismissal raises serious concerns about the standards to which Black women leaders are held in comparison to their counterparts and highlights a pattern of behavior at MetroHealth that deserves intense scrutiny that will be examined closely by our combined legal teams,” Crump said in the press release.

According to Signal Cleveland and WKYC, the last performance review for Steed at MetroHealth issued in March 2024 gave no indication that the company was displeased with her work; in their review she either met or exceeded expectations as it related to “mission strategy, financial management, quality safety and experience, and community and external relations.”

Steed did, however, partially meet expectations for “collaboration and building relationships with physicians,”and was below expectations for “effective leadership of the management team” and “relationship with the board and chair.”

As Signal Cleveland reported, Steed’s comments on her review indicated she believed she needed more time to build rapport with the health system.

“Overall, I strongly believe that the relationship with the collective board has been favorable, however, there has not been adequate time in this first year given so many roadblocks and barriers on building a strong and trusting rapport, which I am confident will develop with time.” 

Steed continued, “I have not felt fully empowered to make management decisions that falls within the purview of the CEO, including necessary changes to the Executive Leadership team structure that impedes and effective Board/CEO relationship while also functioning in a perpetual state of ‘walking on eggshells’ and feeling ‘guilty until proven innocent’.”

She also described intimidation and character assassination pointed in her direction from her predecessor.

“I also want to put on the record that while I have had to endure some pretty challenging circumstances, including social media harassment/bullying/intimidation/character assassination by my predecessor, in no uncertain terms have I ever disparaged or represented the Board of Trustees in a negative light and I have zero control over baseless and unsubstantiated gossip. I have been on record of praising the Board of Trustees and will continue to do so in the manner in which I represent MetroHealth.”

The Cleveland branch of the NAACP also weighed in on the treatment of Steed, referring to the firing of Steed as a “public corporate lynching” in a statement.

“We, the members of the NAACP, express our deepest concern for the public corporate lynching of Dr. Airica Steed, who has been an invaluable leader at MetroHealth Hospital. Over the course of her short tenure, Dr. Steed’s exemplary leadership has demonstrated a commitment to excellence, and a vision that has greatly benefited the Northeast, OH region.”

The statement continued, “We believe the decision to terminate Dr. Steed does not reflect the true value of her contributions to the community. The public approach the Board of Trustees took is disgraceful and unacceptable. The fact that Dr. Steed came to Cleveland to restore prominence to MetroHealth after their public scandal, only to be terminated without cause while on FMLA. is an indictment on MetroHealth.”

RELATED CONTENT: Ben Crump Supports Tim Walz as VP Nominee Due To Support Following George Floyd’s Death

Master P, Rap Snacks, wealth gap, entrepreneurship
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Master P ‘Bout It’: New Orleans Native Named ‘Entertainment Ambassador’ Of Super Bowl LIX

New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell announced Master P's new appointment.


New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell has announced that Master P will take on the role of “entertainment ambassador” ahead of Super Bowl LIX.

Cantrell announced that the New Orleans native will help connect the city to the world as they host football’s biggest night in February. Master P, whose real name is Percy Robert Miller Sr., will serve the city as one of its legendary figures. According to NOLA, his affiliation with the event aims to provide new opportunities.

“He’s deserving of all the love, all the praise, for demonstrating the resiliency of this community and that there’s no limit to accomplishing great things for the city of New Orleans,” said Cantrell during a news conference on Aug. 30.

These endeavors include a “Hollywood South Collaborative,” which will teach entertainment business skills and offer mentorship to residents. Despite growing up in the projects of New Orleans’ Third Ward, Master P earned his success through his No Limits records label. He later grew as a multifaceted businessman beyond music and entertainment.

For Master P, giving back to his hometown remains a top priority in this new role.

“We are doing this through film, television, and entertainment,” the 54-year-old said. “But we are also doing this through business because I want people to see what I was able to grow. I grew up in the projects in New Orleans and was able to change my life and educate myself. Get out there to see more. And I want more for the city of New Orleans.”

To kick off his new role, Master P will also join the NOLA Insight Podcast. Through the platform, he will meet with entertainment influencers to share their journey and insight to the local community.

All the programming will come to a head during Super Bowl LIX at the city’s Caesars Superdome on Feb. 9, 2025.

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Morgan State, Miss New Jersey, Miss USA
Photo by Bestbe Models: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-in-silver-colored-crown-looking-right-side-2062542/

Former Miss South Africa Contestant Wins Miss Nigeria After Xenophobic Backlash

Chidimma Adetshina won Miss Universe Nigeria after withdrawing from the South African competition.


A former Miss South Africa contestant took home the Miss Universe Nigeria title on Aug. 31 despite xenophobic backlash on her identity.

Originally, Chidimma Adetshina was vying for Miss South Africa. However, her nationality faced public concern due to her Nigerian heritage through her father. Despite being born in South Africa, the pushback led her to withdraw from the beauty pageant in August.

She stated the choice sought to protect “the safety and well-being of my family.” The attacks began after she became a finalist for the competition in July. In the midst of the controversy, the South African government investigated allegations that her mother stole someone’s identity to claim citizenship.

However, Adetshina did not give up on her goals for a crown. Organizers of the Nigerian pageant invited her to compete for their title, stating she could represent her paternal heritage.

While having not traveled to Nigeria in 20 years, Adetshina ventured to Lagos to earn her crown.

“As I accept this honor, I want to share a vision that burns deeply within me, a vision of African unity and peaceful co existence,” she wrote on Instagram. “Lets break down the barriers that divide us. Let’s foster a continent where every African can move freely without prejudice, pursue their dreams, and contribute to the growth and prosperity of our great continent. This crown is not just a symbol of beauty, it is a call to action.”

Upon winning the competition, the 23-year-old spoke of the “tough journey” she endured to get to this moment.

“This journey has been a tough journey for me … I am so proud of myself and I’m really grateful for the love and the support,” Adetshina told the Agence France-Presse, as reported by The Guardian. “This is something that I’ve always wanted, and I’m really glad that I have a second shot as well at achieving it.”

However, another beauty queen called the newly-crowned winner’s experience an instance of tribalism across Africa.

“We all need to stop with the xenophobia … with the tribalism,” expressed first runner-up Paula Ezendu. “We’re all one family. We’re all human beings.”

Adetshina still loves her native country, but hopes to win the official Miss Universe title for Nigeria at the pageant in November.

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Coco Gauff, docu- shorts, executive producing
(Photo: Robert Prange/Getty Images)

Coco Gauff Keeps Spirits Up After Early Loss In U.S. Open

Gauff has faced a series of setbacks despite winning the 2023 U.S. Open.


After Coco Gauff’s early loss at the U.S. Open, the 2023 champion kept all things in perspective.

Despite continuing a series of losses unbecoming of the tennis star, the No. 3 seed remained positive about the year she’s had. According to NPR, Gauff spoke following her round of 16 defeat to Emma Navarro on Sept. 1.

“I feel like there’s 70 other players in the draw that would love to have the summer that I had, even though it’s (the) least, probably, (I’ve) done well during this time of the year,” expressed Gauff. “So many people want to be in the fourth round. So many people want to make the Olympics. So many people want to be a flag bearer. It’s perspective.”

However, Gauff remains on an uphill battle to reclaim her throne, with another chance now over at the U.S. Open. Before this, Gauff lost in the third round at the Paris Olympics.

To prepare for the New York-based tournament, Gauff also struggled through contests that also resulted in defeat. Despite working on her serve, she tied her own career high of 19 double-faults in her second loss to Navarro.

Of the issue, the 20-year-old called it a “mental hurdle” she hopes to overcome.

“It’s sometimes more of an emotional, mental thing, because if I go out on the practice court right now, I would make, like, 30 serves in a row. I’ve done it before,” Gauff said. “I think it’s also just kind of a mental hurdle that I have to get over when it comes. … But I definitely want to look at other things, because I don’t want to lose matches like this anymore.”

With 60 unforced errors during her final match at the competition, Gauff is a far cry from her performance just last year, where she won her first Grand Slam title. While the Olympian still chases her former glory, she hopes to course-correct her current problems to become a champion again.

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The Forge, faith based films
The Forge, courtesy The Forge Film Sony Pictures

‘The Forge’ Takes ‘Accessible’ Approach To Bringing Faith And Discipleship Back To Hollywood

'The Forge' takes a practical approach to bringing faith-based films back to Hollywood.


This special edition of The Culture Shift takes us to the Atlanta Symphony Hall for the red-carpet premiere of the new faith-based film The Forge.

Brought to us by The Kendrick Brothers, the new devotional film tells the story of Isaiah Wright (Aspen Kennedy), a 19-year-old who’s one year out of high school and still unsure about what he wants to do with his life. With a passion for basketball and video games, Isaiah can easily get lost with time while engaged in a serious game on the court or online.

But with no job, direction, or understanding of what it means to be a man, his single mom, Cynthia (Priscilla Shirer), is losing her patience and praying for a positive shift in her son’s life. As a last resort, Cynthia gives Isaiah a stark ultimatum: step up or move out.

Torn between the influence of his friends and the pressure from his mom, Isaiah lands a job at Moore Fitness, unaware of how profoundly the owner will shape his life. Guided by his mother’s prayers and the unexpected support of a new mentor, Isaiah confronts his past, lets go of his selfishness, and begins to uncover a greater purpose for his life through faith.

Speaking with BLACK ENTERPRISE, Kennedy cited the personal connection he felt with his character, having also been raised by a single mom.

“I was raised by my mom and I didn’t have my dad around so just being able to know who God has been in my life as a father,” he explained. “It’s the same journey Isaiah has been and it has been a blessing.”

Shirer hit the red carpet with her husband, Jerry Shirer, who plays a small role in the film, and one of their three sons, and explained how much she resonated with her character, Cynthia, due to her real-life role as a mother to young Black men. With a focus on the film’s underlying theme of discipleship, Shirer explained how important it is for adults to pay it forward in the form of mentoring a young and developing adolescent.

“I’m a mother of three young men, and so being able to remember the importance of not only being intentional about parenting them, but then the men outside of our family, they have a great father, but when they have a football coach or a basketball coach or somebody they admire that affirms them, the way that matters to my boys, to see that on screen is something that’s really exceptional,” she shared.

“I think it’s [the film] going to remind all of us that it matters when we affirm a young lady, or when a grown man affirms a young man in business or in sports or in their character, it matters.”

There was a lot of love and support on the red carpet for the Kendrick Brothers’ new film and how they’re taking a practical approach to introducing faith-based films and themes of discipleship in Hollywood. Believers and entertainers like Pastor DeVon Franklin, actress Yvonne Orji, and Braxton Family Values star Trina Braxton shared how the film resonated with them and will resonate with other viewers.

“The movie is about discipleship, and especially if you were raised in the church, I think this movie reminds us of the foundation of our faith, which is in discipling each other,” Pastor DeVon Franklin says. “Especially older men, discipling younger men, and I think they’re gonna get tips and tools on how to bring discipleship back into their life, back into their community, back into their church.”

As a practicing Christian, Insecure star Yvonne Orji praised The Forge for being a devotional film that’s participating in the “awakening” that’s sweeping the entertainment industry.

“As a Christian, it’s like we need more Christian entertainment,” Orji says. “I think there’s a Hollywood awakening happening and we’re here for it.”

As for the film’s practical approach to topics of religion and having a relationship with God, Orji applauded how the Kendrick Brothers tackle discipleship and compared it to the forms of ministering seen in the Holy Bible’s New Testament.

“I feel like faith should always be accessible,” Orji said. “You know, like, even Jesus was chilling. He told Zacchaeus to come down from the tree so he could go have dinner with him. He was doing stuff like, ‘I just want to break bread with you, bruh.’ And so I think when we try to separate the masses, it doesn’t work. That’s not accessible. But when you’re like, ‘Hey, let’s reach you, let’s serve, let’s be in community, let’s be in communion with one another.’ That’s when, like, Christianity is more accessible.”

Faith leaders, including two bishops from international churches who have hosted screenings for The Forge, also spoke with BE about the importance of films like The Forge and how it might be able to reach someone who’s struggling with their faith and looking for an answer.

“This is really a good movie for the Christian faith because it’s time for so many of us in the body of Christ to move beyond just Christianity to discipleship,” Bishop Neil C. Ellis of Mount Tabor Church in The Bahamas said. “I believe discipleship is the real strength of Christianity.”

Press play below for the full red carpet experience and be sure to check out The Forge, which hit theaters nationwide on Aug. 23.

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Black Boys, Maryland, graves, investigation
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Advocates Reclaim Forgotten New York Cemetery For Enslaved Africans And Black Americans

Harambee Kingston, a non-profit organization, wants to turn a long-forgotten burial ground into a memorial honoring the dead.


Harambee Kingston, a non-profit organization that has maintained custody and ownership of the Pine Street African Burial Ground in Kingston, New York since 2021, wants to create a memorial in honor of the enslaved Africans and Black Americans who were buried at the site and forgotten. 

According to Newsweek, the Pine Street African Burial Ground was used from the mid-18th century to the late 19th century and was later covered up by residential development and other modern expansions. 

Harambee Kingston, composed of a group of students from the State University of New York at New Palz (SUNY), is led by Professor Joe Diamond. Diamond and students in the Department of Archaeology at SUNY had the land surveyed and archived over the past few years, and those efforts led to the confirmation that human remains were buried in clustered patches on the parcel of land. 

The group wants to raise $1 million in order to transform the formerly forgotten space into a memorial befitting the lives of the people who were buried in the graveyard. Diamond, an associate professor of anthropology at SUNY discovered the site while conducting an archeological survey of the city. 

Tyrone Wilson, the founder of Harambee Kingston, told Newsweek that the organization bears a deep responsibility to honor those who had been buried at the site and to restore their dignity. 

“This site holds the stories of those who endured unimaginable hardships. It is our responsibility to ensure that their legacies are not forgotten and that the disrespect they endured is rectified,” Wilson said.

Antoinette Jackson, an anthropology professor and the founder of The Black Cemetery Network, discussed with Newsweek how what happened to the Pine Street African Burial Ground fits into a larger story of the burial grounds and cemeteries of the enslaved or other Black populations. 

“A good deal of them (burial sites) have been built over—by parking lots, schools, stadiums, highways,” Jackson also noted that these cemeteries are merely the “tip of the iceberg.”

New York has had a few burial grounds discovered in a similar manner to the Pine Street African Burial Ground, most notably Manhattan’s African Burial Ground Monument and a renovation project in Newburgh, New York which in 2008 uncovered 100 sets of remains and another piece of New York’s history of enslavement. 

According to Wilson, local families have said that they will provide DNA samples and he wants to be able to connect any living relatives to their ancestors. In addition to Wilson, some of the other advocates are hopeful tests on the remains will reveal aspects of their lives like occupational hazards or whether they came to the area from elsewhere. 

As Wilson told The Associated Press, he hopes that the pieces of information will help cultivate an understanding of personal history, something that is often lacking when it comes to Black Americans. 

“One of the biggest issues that we have in African culture is that we don’t know our history,” Wilson said. “We don’t have a lot of information of who we are.”

RELATED CONTENT: Forgotten Burial Grounds Of Enslaved People Receiving More Attention Nationwide

Atlanta Georgia, education, Super Bowl LXII, Atlanta Wine and Jazz Festival, Build-to-rent
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Atlanta Is Most Educated City In U.S., Report

Atlanta has secured the #1 spot in Forbes' most educated cities ranking.


A new report by Forbes has claimed Atlanta takes the top spot for most educated city in the United States.

The publication released the rankings on Aug. 28, determining that the Georgia capital is first on its list of 100 cities. However, their rankings are a combination of multiple factors that made Atlanta its top dog.

Their rankings incorporate high school dropout rates, graduate degree attainment rates, and gender and racial gaps in obtaining one’s degrees. With these stats in mind, Atlanta remains “primed to produce more innovation and tax revenue.” In turn, companies with locations in Atlanta seek out educated workers, with more qualified individuals flocking to the city as a result.

According to the rankings, Atlanta’s bachelor completion rate boasts nearly 60% for those 25 and older. Over 26% of those in that age range also hold graduate degrees. In their description of Atlanta’s top ranking, the news outlet mentioned its esteemed universities as an additional push.

The report stated, “Home to major colleges like Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Georgia State University, it’s no surprise that Atlanta is a highly educated city.”

However, despite the city’s successes, its drawbacks include a wide racial gap in bachelor’s degree attainment. In this stat, Atlanta has a -22.32 percentage. Its runner-up, Arlington, Virginia, has a much narrower gap at 10.27%. Moreover, it also hosts a higher bachelor’s and graduate degree attainment, at 78.22% and 42.56%, respectively. However, it does have a smaller amount of those 25 and older with some college without a degree, with only 7.50%.

Despite this difference, Atlanta’s 5.71% high school dropout rate and higher percentage of those with some college solidified its status. Furthermore, the city continues to host a diverse population, with over 47% of its residents identifying as Black, per Data USA. Other cities rounding out the top 5 include St. Petersburg, Florida, San Antonio, Texas, and San Diego, California.

While all these cities boast high bachelor’s completion rates, Atlanta maintains its status at the #1 city for its educated and diverse population.

RELATED CONTENT: Top 10 Cities For African Americans

rodeo, Houston
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Pulitzer Prize-Winning Photographer Celebrates Black Cowboy Culture With New Book

Ron Tarver's 'The Long Ride Home: Black Cowboys in America' is comprised of a 20,000 photos of Black cowboy life taken over 20 years.


Over 30 years ago, Pulitzer prize-winning photographer Ron Tarver started collecting and taking photographs of Black cowboys, rodeo queens, and ranchers across East Texas, Oklahoma, and Philadelphia. As an assignment for National Geographic and The Philadelphia Inquirer, Tarver has captured generations worth of cowboys and cowgirls in their element and compiled them into a complete book, The Long Ride Home: Black Cowboys in America, released on Aug. 31. 

Tarver’s photographs include cowboys working in their stables and working in their town parades, showing off their grand ranches and how they care for their horses. Tarver collected nearly 20,000 pictures in a storage container from his travels. According to the Philadelphia Inquirer, he’s set to be doing a book signing to promote his new book. On Sept. 7 at the 20 / 20 Photo Festival Photo Book Fair at Cherry Street Pier, the book’s stylistic photos will be displayed as part of the Portrait of Philadelphia exhibition.

Tarver said, “This is one of those projects that wouldn’t leave me alone for the longest time. It’s always been on my mind because it’s such an important project to get out into the public.”

One of the centerpieces for the book was North Philadelphia native Jordan Bullock, who was first photographed in 1993, working under his father, Bumpsey Bullock, who ran the White House stables in Brewerytown.

Jordan, 43, now works as a racehorse trainer at Parx Casino and Racetrack. Bullock said, “This is all I ever knew. It was normal my whole life. That’s what we did on weekends and after school; it was my father and my aunt, my cousins, and one of my uncles. My mother’s side of the family — by total chance–my parents did not know this when they met each other — but my mother’s side of the family is in horses in Virginia.” 

Bullock represents Philadelphia’s urban rodeo history in Tarver’s book. He recalled growing up: “You had the White House. You had 33rd Street, at 332nd, and Master, which is literally up the street from us. You had the Hole in the Wall, which was a stable where they broke a hole in the wall of a warehouse and built a stable. There’s, like, a whole culture.” 

Tarver spent years, from as early as the 1990s, following Black cowboys across the country to explore Black horse cultures. Some images include a Philadelphia horseman playing basketball. At the same time, their horses idle in the background and another of two women cleaning a saddle while sitting on the hood of their Subaru. 

Tarver wanted his images to tell the story of an urban and rich history. “I didn’t want to have a documentary book. I wanted to have a book that celebrated the lifestyle of Black people who share this Western heritage. Just, for lack of a better word, beautiful images of this lifestyle and people enjoying this culture,” he said. 

He’s been glad to see Black cowboys enter more mainstream media with the likes of rapper Lil Nas X playing into a Black western aesthetic with his 2018 hit “Old Town Road” and Beyoncé breaking into the country genre with her new album, Cowboy Carter.

“I think it is more prevalent now because it’s out in the zeitgeist,” Tarver explained. “You can’t have better notoriety than Beyoncé coming out with an album. The Cowboy Carter album just blew everything up.”

“It became accepted, but there’s still a little bit of prejudice out there when it comes to what’s accepted as a country and what’s not accepted. I’m hoping that this book will just add to the conversation.”

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