by Jeroslyn JoVonn

February 5, 2025

Black Woman Leading Detroit’s $4.9M Rail Replacement Project Aims To Make Construction More Inclusive

Jessica English is leading Detroit’s People Mover Project and hopes to inspire more women in construction.

Meet Jessica English, the capital construction project manager overseeing the $4.9 million Detroit People Mover’s rail replacement project, who’s on a mission to increase gender diversity in construction.

Before this project, English made her mark as a Facilities Construction Manager for the City of Detroit. She was naturally drawn to the male-dominated construction and infrastructure industry, having grown up watching her father work in the field.

“Growing up, instead of being in after-school care, my dad was taking me to job sites with him, and from there, I would be in trailers on jobs and reading blueprints with him,” English told the Michigan Chronicle. “So, this field was super interesting. I thought growing up that I would just be an architect.”

English entered college with a strong determination to make the industry more inclusive for women. She attended Bowling Green State University, where she founded Purple Hard Hats, a student organization dedicated to supporting women in construction.

”I was the only African American and the only woman in my graduating class of about 40 people,” English recalled.

“I started a community of girls who would get together and help each other with tutoring. From there, I got an idea from the program I was in, the President’s Leadership Academy. I’m actually very proud of it. They are still active to this day, and I have been out of college for about 10 years.”

Now, English is leveraging her six years of experience, master’s degree, and passion to lead her consultancy, Building a Better Detroit. Through her work, she is committed to improving local lives with smarter, community-driven construction management.

English, a proud member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc., Detroit Young Professionals, and the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC), plays a key role in the Detroit People Mover project. As a Black woman leader, her presence stands as a powerful example of what’s possible when women are included in construction and infrastructure development.

“The element that I’m bringing to the People Mover is standardization,” English said. “Moving forward, I will bring some standardization that makes it easier for clients to find and ride. I’m looking forward to doing minor touch-ups. Nothing is official yet, but I am excited for 2025.”

Her success in keeping this vital project on schedule and within the budget highlights the value of diverse perspectives in tackling complex challenges. It also helps that she has allies.

“I don’t have my set projects yet, but I will say I’m excited that my GM, Robert Kramer, is open-minded,” English said.

by Cedric 'BIG CED' Thornton

February 5, 2025

Boosie Reveals ‘Lake BadAzz’ In Georgia

Boosie said he spent about $127,000 to create the lake.

Nearly a year ago, Boosie BadAzz revealed that he was building an area on his 88-acre estate in Georgia for his eight children. Finally, he has revealed a video of “Lake BadAzz” that he had “made” on his property.

A recent video clip from Boosie’s Instagram account shows the lake and the unloading of fish into it. You can hear him in the clip saying, “Welcome to Lake BadAzz”

w “#lakebadazz MAMA I GIT A LAKE #peaceofmind✌ 🎣“

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by @boosieig2024

In December 2024, DJ Vlad was at the property getting a rundown of Boosie’s lake as the Baton Rouge rapper showed him the lake that was built on his 26-acre property. In the video, he initially referred to the water as Lake Hatch (his real name is Torence Hatch Jr.).

He told Vlad that he got sick of going to fish at other people’s lakes, so he decided to have one built on his property.

Boosie explained that the area was all trees, but he had bulldozers come and dig it off and connect it to the creek already on his property. He brought in catfish, bass, crappie, bluegill, and a variety of fish, including prize fish. If anyone who fishes on his property can catch one of the prize fish, Boosie said he will give them $200.

Boosie estimated that he spent about $127,000 to create the lake, which he can enjoy between going on social media to convince Donald Trump to pardon him on federal charges.

Boosie is facing two counts of firearm possession: one for being a convicted felon in possession of a firearm involved in interstate commerce, and another for knowingly possessing a firearm while dealing with substance abuse issues.

Trump CHECK MY CASE OUT ‼️MY CASE WAS DISMISSED BUT BIDENS DOJ RECHARGED ME WITH THE SAME GUN CHARGE BIDEN PARDON HIS SON OF .I WAS TOLD I AM THE ONLY PERSON IN THE COUNTRY FACING THAT CHARGE NOW. PRESIDENT TRUMP , I ALREADY WAS GIVEN A 10 YEAR SENTENCE N STATE N 2009 FOR 3 rd…

— Boosie BadAzz (@BOOSIEOFFICIAL) January 22, 2025

by Jeroslyn JoVonn

February 5, 2025

Help The Black Farmer’s Index Combat Food Insecurity And Agricultural Inequity

In just under five years, The Index has gained momentum.

The Black Farmers Index (The Index) is dedicated to uplifting the Black farming community to address food insecurity and reduce inequities in the agricultural sector.

Founded by Kaia Shivers, The Index spotlights Black farmers across 11 regions nationwide, providing greater visibility through a comprehensive online directory and other strategic initiatives.

Farmers included in the Index receive social media promotion and short narratives that provide more insight into their services and offerings, educational workshops for farmers, food-centered virtual and in-person events, and curated farmer lists for individuals and institutions.

Visitors to the site can locate Black growers by selecting their region and state and then browse through an alphabetical list showcasing Black farmers and their available products. The Index began as a solutions-driven journalism initiative launched by Ark Republic in April 2020 providing a small directory of Black farmers to help address resource shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Due to being forced out of agrarian lifestyles, many Black communities now live in food deserts and food swamps, making them among the first to suffer during food shortages. When researchers sought solutions, they initially turned to Black farmers, many of whom were subsidized by the USDA and forced to discard thousands of tons of food, causing further supply disruptions.

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Black Farmers Index (@blackfarmersindex)

Independent Black farmers, who remained viable alternatives, often lacked market exposure and distribution channels, leaving them excluded from efforts to address the emerging food crisis. These growers have also faced generations of systemic discrimination in the agricultural industry.

The Black Farmers Index was created to serve as a user-friendly, accessible directory connecting the public directly with Black farmers. Its mission is to drive business to these growers through a direct-to-consumer model while providing a platform for farmers to share their stories of resilience and survival in the face of generations of agricultural inequities.

What started as a small list of 150 farmers has grown to a list of over 1,300 crop farmers, small-to-medium-sized growers, ranchers, poultry farmers, vegetable and fruit producers, grains and nut harvesters, and more.

Farmers featured on The Index benefit from a direct consumer-to-Black farmer pipeline while gaining connections to agencies, institutions, and essential resources.

The Index operates on four key pillars: Enhanced Marketing, which promotes the Black agricultural ecosystem, including growers, ranchers, fisherfolk, beekeepers, foragers, and foresters; Data Collection & Distribution, where researchers gather, analyze, and share accurate information about Black growers; Resource Access, which provides guidance on securing capital for harvesters; and Land Advocacy, where education and support are provided to Black agriculturalists in acquiring farmland.

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Black Farmers Index (@blackfarmersindex)

The Index amplifies Black farmers through various initiatives, including curated gift boxes showcasing their food products, feature stories in news and media outlets, data collection and reporting, and storytelling through farm visits. Additionally, it connects farmers with business opportunities and resources, fosters a strong network for farmer collaboration, and partners with organizations and companies on impactful initiatives.

The non-profit is focused on expanding the directory and raising awareness of the farmers in The Index, hosting regular events nationwide to amplify its mission and the Black farming community. In December, it hosted the Collard Green and Kale Giveaway at IGH Gardens in Long Beach, CA.

Those interested in supporting The Black Farmers Index can donate here.

by Sharelle B. McNair

February 5, 2025

Gig Workers May Be Unprepared For 2025 Tax Season

Prepare yourself!

A new survey found that gig workers, or freelancers, aren’t prepared for the lower threshold for 1099-K income reporting, which could result in a higher tax bill, CPA Practice Advisor reports.

Provided by cloud-based tax compliance automation provider Avalara, Inc., the survey featured participants in industries including online marketplace sellers, digital content creators, influencers, short-term rental hosts, and rideshare and delivery drivers. With the reporting status for gig workers being up in the air since Congress voted to reduce the 1099-K reporting threshold from $20,000 to $600, the results of workers unaware of the new requirement were eye-opening.

The percentage of those knowledgeable about the lower threshold Form 1099-K versus those who don’t know came out equal at 61%. Seventy-four percent of freelancers were vaguely unaware of the payment threshold that they would be required to report income to the IRS in 2025. For those with a $600 1099-K reporting threshold, only 18% of participants pointed out the correct threshold for 2026 and the final $600 reporting threshold for the 2027 tax season.

The lowered threshold was paused toward the end of 2023, but in November 2024, the IRS announced a phase-in over the next three years to the $600 threshold, beginning with a new $5,000 1099-K threshold during the 2025 tax season. The agency is also adding a follow-on reduction to $2,500 in 2026 and a $600 threshold in 2027.

Avalara General Manager Kael Kelly said the survey showed how much gig workers need to educate themselves on the 1099-K system at a basic level. “Our survey data reveals the urgent need for basic knowledge and orderly direction on the part of gig economy workers to determine how best to comply with the lowered 1099-K digital payments threshold. This scrappy segment of our economy demonstrates a DIY drive to create a living from engaging in multiple jobs, non-traditional work, and sometimes essential services that support how consumers want to buy and receive goods and services -– and they’re now faced with the additional challenge of sorting out new, last-minute tax regulations and reporting requirements,” Kelly said.

“Businesses of all sizes, including independent workers, need a fast, robust, easy, and affordable way to e-file 1099 forms, and that capability is within reach through modern cloud software.”

Experts have provided new ways for gig workers to avoid mistakes when filing their taxes with the new changes. One way is accurately tracking income, according to Go Banking Rates. Silicon Beach Financial owner Christopher Stroup says keeping detailed records of payments and invoices from every freelance gig is imperative. Spreadsheets and apps are useful to log income in order to stay compliant and avoid penalties.

Stroup also recommended engaging with a tax professional to make sure gig workers are claiming the proper business deductions, as it is common for business expenses to be misclassified. “Gig workers often miss out on deductions by incorrectly categorizing their expenses,” he said.

“You’ll want to ensure that your expenses, like supplies, home office use, and vehicle mileage, are tied to your business.

Forgetting digital payment platforms, mixing personal and business expenses, and failing to set aside enough money are other common mistakes tax professionals push gig workers to avoid.

by Ahsan Washington

February 5, 2025

7 Political Podcasts With Powerful Black Perspectives

What's your go-to podcast for diving into politics?

Podcasts are a great way to tune in and digest information, especially on the go. When it comes to politics, there are a plethora of layers to be considered, particularly in this regressive political climate, and especially for the Black community–and African Americans aren’t a monolith in our thoughts and ideas around topical issues. It can be difficult to keep up with policies and perspectives. On Instagram, BLACK ENTERPRISE asked, “What’s your go-to podcast for diving into politics?” and you answered. BE composed eight Black podcasts that distill political information through entertaining commentary.

The Caucus Room

Former Missouri Rep. Don Calloway launched The Caucus Room podcast in February 2004. Calloway discusses cultural and political issues with a variety of guests. The public advocate started the podcast to discuss political topics not addressed on cable television.

Headwraps & Lipsticks: The Podcast

Headwraps & Lipsticks was launched in January 2017 by Sierra Tribble and Sharelle Burt, both HBCU alumni. They graduated from North Carolina A&T State University with bachelor’s degrees in mass communication and journalism. Burt also covers politics and business for BLACK ENTERPRISE. Headwraps & Lipstick offers funny and provocative insight into politics, current events, and pop culture.

Higher Learning Podcast

Brought to us by Van Lathan, former senior producer and co-host for TMZ, known for his shoot-from-the-hip commentary, and TV personality and attorney Rachel Lindsay, who also doubles as an ESPN host. Lindsay was the first Black woman lead on The Bachelorette. Higher Learning Podcast was launched almost three years ago, in April 2022. Higher Learning drops episodes twice a week, often inviting guests with distinctive perspectives on politics, Black culture, entertainment, and sports.

Native Land Pod

Hosted by social justice advocate and lawyer Angela Rye, journalist, author, and TV host Tiffany Cross, as well as former mayor of Tallahassee, Andrew Gillum. Native Land Podcast debuted in January 2024. Native Land Pod speaks directly to the political points with these three perspectives and deconstructs topical issues and concerns that affect and relate to Black Americans.

Unnamed and Unbound

Unnamed and Unbound is a new podcast launched on Jan. 20 and hosted by Black Voters Matter Founders Latasha Brown and Cliff Albright. Unnamed and Unbound releases episodes bi-weekly. The platform doesn’t mince words or sugarcoat truths when it comes down to discussing policy and the political climate of a second Trump administration. The podcast addresses social justice, prison reform, and reproductive rights, among other topics that impact Black communities.

The Brown Girl’s Guide To Politics

A’shanti Gholar, president of Emerge, founded The Browns Girl’s Guide to Politics, which was launched in 2018. The Brown Girl’s Guide to Politics was started so women of color would have a resource to receive political news, get involved in politics, and understand how the political climate can impact women of color—and in support of women of color in politics.

The Bakari Sellers Podcast

Former South Carolina state representative and son of civil rights leader Cleveland Sellers, Bakari, launched the self-titled podcast in May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the country’s youngest elected official at age 22, it should be clear Bakari has something to say. The Bakari Sellers podcast offers episodes twice a week, during which he speaks with guests about racial equality and global politics.

telomeres, shortening, cancer, Gynecologic Cancers, Black Women, Death Rates, cervical cancer, NAACP

by Jeroslyn JoVonn

February 5, 2025

NAACP Calls For Cancer To Be Declared A Public Health Crisis In The Black Community

The resolution stems from data by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The NAACP is urging the declaration of cancer as a public health crisis in the Black community in response to research from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showing that Black people have the highest rates of cancer diagnoses and fatalities across various types.

This organization is calling for “local, state, and federal authorities” to explore meaningful strategies to advance cancer health equity, reduce risks and exposures, and lower cancer incidence and prevalence rates among Black individuals.

The NAACP wants stronger efforts to promote health equity, prevent cancer, and encourage early detection and treatment for those most vulnerable to cancer fatalities. They are also advocating for improved supportive care and survivorship programs, as well as the elimination of out-of-pocket screening costs—common barriers that often result in untreated cancer.

The organization encourages the use of its established model, the Accountability for Cancer Through Undoing Racism (ACCURE), which employs multi-level approaches to address disparities in cancer treatment and outcomes, ensuring the comprehensive needs of the community are met.

According to research from the CDC, Black people have the highest death rate for cancer overall despite being the third largest ethnic/racial group behind white and Hispanic people. Black people have a lower overall 5-year cancer survival rate than white people and are more likely than white people to be diagnosed with female breast, lung, and colorectal cancers at a late stage.

The CDC emphasizes that many cancers can be prevented by avoiding the use of tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight, consuming a high-fiber, nutrient-rich diet, staying physically active, limiting alcohol intake, and receiving the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccine on schedule. Public health research also highlights the importance of screening tests, which can either prevent certain cancers or detect them early when treatment is most effective.

However, despite these preventative measures, the numbers still reflect clear disparities impacting the Black community. Among them include the American Cancer Society’s findings that while Black women have a 4% lower incidence of breast cancer than white women, they face a 40% higher mortality rate. They are also nearly three times more likely to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype associated with poorer outcomes due to limited treatment options.

Research shows that Black women are about 30% more likely to die from these tumors than white women, partly due to lower rates of surgery and chemotherapy. Although breast cancer in men is rare, a recent study revealed that Black men have a 52% higher incidence rate than white men and are twice as likely to develop TNBC.

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Black men and the second-leading cause among Black women, disproportionately impacts the Black community. Black men and women are less likely than their white counterparts to be diagnosed at an early stage when the cancer is more treatable, contributing to lower survival rates.

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer and cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the U.S., with the Black community facing a disproportionate burden. Black Americans have the highest rates of colorectal cancer compared to any racial or ethnic group, being about 20% more likely to develop the disease and 40% more likely to die from it than most other groups.

Public health research indicates that Black men face a 1 in 6 chance of developing prostate cancer during their lifetime. They are 1.7 times more likely to be diagnosed with the disease and 2.1 times more likely to die from it compared to white men.

In light of the disproportionate impact of cancer on Black communities, the NAACP is urging immediate action and advocating for policies, practices, and procedures at national, state, and local levels to reduce cancer rates and health disparities. The organization aims to collaborate with health systems and community partners to promote cancer health equity and address local disparities effectively.

by Nahlah Abdur-Rahman

February 4, 2025

Mustard On Mustard? Music Producer And DJ Partners With Heinz

Mustard will release his own spin on the condiment with the brand.

Mustard, more recently known as “MUSTAAAAAAAAAARRRD” by Kendrick Lamar, is back on the scene in a delicious new way. The DJ and Grammy-award-winning producer has collaborated with Heinz for a special partnership.

Mustard, whose real name is Dijon McFarlane, announced the news with Heinz during the Grammy Awards. The two parties released a promotional video on the collab of the two mustards.

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Heinz (@heinz)

“Two mustard legends, together at last,” the shared post was captioned.

For the “Not Like Us” producer, the collaboration hits home as he also has a knack for kicking it in the kitchen.

“This collab coming to life is a big deal and something that has been decades in the making for me,” the 34-year-old said in a press release. “Everyone knows me for my beats and sound, but what they don’t know is that cooking and grilling is a huge part of my life. I’m on the grill every chance I get. I’ve been using Heinz since I was a kid, so partnering with them is something I’ve always wanted to do.”

The Los Angeles native will approprately hold the inaugural title of Chief Mustard Officer. Not only will this encompass a new unreleased flavor, but exclusive recipes developed with the musician as well. Furthermore, Mustard will take part in brand events throughout the year.

“Much like Heinz, Mustard is someone who goes all in when he creates something to put out into the world,” said Todd Kaplan, North American Chief Marketing Officer for Kraft Heinz. “He has been a fan of the brand for years, so it was only a matter of time before Mustard met his perfect match with Heinz.”

This year has brought greater fame to the already renowned DJ. His hit record with Lamar scored five Grammys at the 2025 ceremony, including Record and Song of the Year.

Fans can keep up with Mustard’s exclusive flavor and more from the collaboration here.

Marcus Jordan, credit card debt, lawsuit, credit card lawsuit

by Cedric 'BIG CED' Thornton

February 4, 2025

Marcus Jordan Arrested On Several Charges After Allegedly Fleeing Police In Florida

The son of Michael Jordan was charged with cocaine possession, resisting arrest, and DUI property damage or personal injury.

The son of basketball’s G.O.A.T., Michael Jordan, has been arrested in Florida on several charges after his vehicle was stuck on some train tracks after allegedly fleeing a traffic stop.

According to WESH, Marcus Jordan was arrested by the Maitland Police Department on Tuesday, Feb. 4, and charged with cocaine possession, resisting arrest, and DUI property damage or personal injury. He was taken to Orange County Jail in Orlando, where he was booked.

An arrest warrant reveals that Jordan was taken in after he fled a traffic stop initiated by the Seminole County Sheriff’s Office. Police officers noticed headlights from Jordan’s Lamborghini on the train tracks. The vehicle wasn’t moving, and a train was heading his way on the tracks about 10 minutes away. When officers reached out to him, he asked them to help get the SUV off the tracks after making “a wrong turn.”

While speaking to Jordan, an officer noticed his speech was allegedly slurred, with the smell of alcohol; he also had bloodshot eyes and didn’t seem to know where he was. After admitting to having a few drinks, he was asked to take some field sobriety tests. After doing so, officers placed him under arrest for driving under the influence. Officers discovered a “clear plastic baggie with a white powdery substance” in Jordan’s pocket when they searched him. It later tested positive for cocaine.

According to the police reports, Marcus was not cooperative with the officers while being detained. He pulled away on his way to the patrol vehicle, refusing to get inside and sticking his leg out to prevent the police officers from closing the door. While taking him to the Orange County DUI Center, he “was singing the entire way to the DUI Center, and his speech was slurred.”

Jordan posted bond on Tuesday morning and was released just before noon.

by Sharelle B. McNair

February 4, 2025

Shareholders Hit Target With Defamation Lawsuit Over DEI Drawback

Maybe this will change their minds....

Reuters reports that Target shareholders are suing the brand for allegedly failing to predict the risks of its diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and social initiatives.

Led by Florida’s City of Riviera Beach Police Pension Fund, the class action suit from shareholders claims the Minnesota-based retailer defrauded them into paying heightened prices for its stock while unknowingly supporting management’s “misuse of investor funds to serve political and social goals.”

The backlash from the DEI drawback resulted in consumers, particularly Black customers, limiting shopping at stores and causing the stock to plummet.

The suit blames CEO Brian Cornell and other officials for failing to mention the risk of boycotts correlated to Target’s Environmental, Social, and Governance and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives. Target, known for an extensive Black History Month campaign and backing Black creators like lifestyle influencer Tabitha Brown, also received backlash for pulling back on its May 2023 Pride Month campaign.

Following a series of in-store confrontations that had employees fearing for their safety, Target removed some LGBTQ-themed merchandise while the shareholders alleged the company covered the backlash. In November 2024, Target’s share price fell by 22%, destroying close to $15.7 billion of market value after a disappointing profit and holiday sales forecast.

According to Newsweek, shareholder Brian Craig quoted an article from Bloomberg labeling Target as the store of the “boomer mom who drives a minivan and lives in the suburbs.” He said that company directors “betrayed both Target’s core customer base of working families and its investors by making false and misleading statements concerning Target’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) mandates that led to its disastrous 2023 children-and-family themed LGBTPride campaign.”

Target is one of several Fortune 500 companies, including McDonald’s, Walmart, John Deere, and Tractor Supply, Co., that have dialed back their DEI policies under pressure from the Trump-Vance administration, who labeled such initiatives “racist.” With the support of several Republican lawmakers and leaders who have pushed their states to do the same, one of the first executive orders signed by President Donald Trump eliminated federal DEI programs, placing hundreds of employees on leave or out of a job.

Several civil rights and religious leaders like Rev. Al Sharpton and Atlanta’s Pastor Jamal Bryant have called for Black customers to boycott Target and other stores, eliminating initiatives that cater to them.

The law firm representing the shareholders is Grant & Eisenhofer, who, in a statement, said they are encouraging a lead plaintiff to join the lawsuit. “If you wish to serve as lead plaintiff, you must move the Court by no later than April 1, 2025, which is the lead plaintiff deadline that was established by publication of this notice on January 31, 2025,” the statement read.

“You do not need to seek to become a lead plaintiff to share in any possible recovery.”

union, UWA, auto workers, Black History Month 2025

by Mitti Hicks

February 4, 2025

The Theme of Black History Month 2025 Is ‘African Americans And Labor’

President Gerald Ford officially recognized Black History Month in 1976.

The theme for Black History Month 2025 is African Americans and Labor.

President Gerald Ford officially recognized Black History Month in 1976 when he called for the public to “seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of Black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history.”

According to Scripps News, there has been a theme for Black History Month since its origins when historian Carter G. Woodson started “Negro History Week” in 1926.

Today, the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) develops the themes.

“Black people’s work has been transformational throughout the U.S., Africa, and the Diaspora,” according to ASALH. “The 2025 Black History Month theme, ‘African Americans and Labor,’ sets out to highlight and celebrate the potent impact of this work.”

According to ASALH, work is central to much of Black history and culture, from traditional agricultural labor of enslaved Africans that fed Low Country colonies to debates among Black educators on the importance of vocational training, entrepreneurship in Black communities.

“Like religion, social justice movements, and education, studying African Americans’ labor and labor struggles are important organizing foci for new interpretations and reinterpretations of the Black past, present, and future,” says ASALH. “Such new considerations and reconsiderations are even more significant as the historical forces of racial oppression gather new and renewed strength in the 21st century.”

Black History Month 2025 comes at a time when diversity, equity, and inclusion programs, especially in the workforce, come under attack from the new administration. In some of his first priorities in his second term, President Donald Trump has signed various executive orders to eliminate DEI programs from private companies with contracts with the federal government. As a result, companies such as Target, Walmart, and Lowe’s have rolled back their DEI initiatives.

In 2024, the theme was African Americans and the Arts. In 2023, the theme was Black Resistance.